This policy effected some 109 tribes and bands including 13,263 Indian people and 1,365,801 acres of trust land. All Rights Reserved. In the early 1700s, the Omaha, Ponca and Iowa migrated up the Missouri River to the mouth of the White River in South Dakota. The Poncas, who were allotted in 1890, saw their land go to non-Indian settlers through a September 1893 land run, an event that its Euro-American participants and their descendants celebrated. They migrated up the Des Moines River to its headwaters in what is now Minnesota and built a village for a time near the pipestone quarries. COMMENTS; ABRAHAMSON: Bertha (Littlecook) 11 … James O. Dorsey, an unusual large scale conflict took place between the Ponca and their old enemies the Pawnee. United States Indigenous Peoples of the US Oklahoma, United States Genealogy Indigenous Peoples of Oklahoma Ponca Indian Reservation (Oklahoma). References to the Ponca historical records include the variations la Pong, Panka and Punka. They planted corn and other crops, hunted buffalo occasionally and traded for many of their goods. However, by the time they entered the camp, the Pawnee had fled. I am a descendant of the Ponca Tribe and of the Wa’zha’she Clan. Food was also scarce as they had been on the move during the summers of 1877 and 1878 and had not been able to cultivate any crops. Iron Whip – principle chief of Gray Blanket village (brother of two Bulls). (O'shea & Ludwickson, 1992, pp. Then, according to John John Champe (cited by Wood, 1959, p. 10), the Omaha and Iowa continued moving further south to build a village along Bow Creek near present day Wynot, Nebraska in Cedar County about 1735. Membership in the tribe requires a 1/8 minimum blood quantum, according to rules developed by the tribe. They settled in present-day Nebraska and South Dakota. Ponca Tribe of Oklahoma Tribal Historic Preservation Office; Keeping tribal members up to date on the land office happenings for the Ponca Tribal Land Office. In 2018, The Ponca Tribe of Indians Oklahoma (Southern Poncas) has 3,783 enrolled members. While the Mormons were there, 9 Ponca chiefs and sub-chiefs arrived on the 8th of August 1846, intending to seek peace negotiations with the Pawnee. 08/25/2018 . Because the Ponca were not to leave their reservation without permission, Standing Bear and his small group of followers were labeled as a renegade band. 08/25/2018 . On their way south, they camped at Ft. Omaha near the city of Omaha, Nebraska and their story was made known to the citizens there. Welcome to the sovereign and self-governing lands of The Ponca Tribe of Indians Of Oklahoma. Historic Tribes: Ponka. Of the 30 Ponca, only 12 returned alive. Ponca City Public Schools . This is a list of federally recognized Native American Tribes in the U.S. state of Oklahoma.Oklahoma has the third largest numbers of tribes, behind Alaska and California. Ponca City is a city in Kay County in the U.S. state of Oklahoma. Ponca City had a population of 25,387 at the time of the 2010 census. Poverty and disease would continue to take its toll on the Ponca over the years, however their populations steadily increased. These guidelines were adopted by the Oklahoma … The hunters from the Fish Smell village were the first to see the Pawnee from a distance in their hunting camp, and charged to attack. At first they warred with the Marinara, but later a peace was determined by performing the wa-wan or calumet ceremony. It was the ft. Laramie treaty of 1868 that forever altered the course of Ponca history. In the early 1800s, the Ponca were still a semi-sedentary tribe living in earth lodges that the Arikara taught them and the Omaha how to construct. The Omaha Daily Herald Newspaper publicized the plight of the Ponca group, and it was carried by many other newspapers across the country. Those that traveled upriver were known as U-Mon-Hon meaning “against the current” or “upstream.” the U-Mon-Hon or Omaha was also comprised of the Ponca, Osage and Kansas. Then a grand council was established to reach an agreement on the terms of the peace, and rules of war and hunting. Membership to the tribe requires a 1/8 minimum blood quantum. Later in 1847 the Mormons settled in the Rocky Mountains in what is now Salt Lake City, Utah. However, the larger tribe of Pawnee frequently made war on the Ponca when their northern allies were not around. Grant agreed to the move if the Ponca were willing. Mr. & Mrs. John Allen, Apr. The information furnished to Fletcher by the Office of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs showed the Wa-in-xu-de or “Gray Blanket” village was said to have a population of 377 persons, the Hu-Bthon or “Fish Smell” village had 144 persons, and the “Point” village had 248 persons. Afternoon session will be at the Cultural Center at 2:00pm . James O. Dorsey, for many years a missionary and amateur ethnographer among the Ponca and the Omaha in the late 19th Century, states that later the neighboring Yankton Dakota Tribe made war on the Omaha, Ponca and Iowa while they camped on the Big Sioux River, which forced the group to travel west to the present day site of Lake Andes, in Choteau County, South Dakota. 1 History; 2 Records; 3 Agency Records. § 2701 et seq., requiring the state of Oklahoma and Oklahoma's governor to negotiate a compact which would permit the tribe to operate a Class III gaming facility on the reservation. The name for the Ponca has been interpreted by some authorities as “that which is sacred” (Mails, 1985, p. 308), yet certain members of the Ponca Tribe believe it comes from the Ponca word pah-ca meaning “nose” or “that part of the face that goes before the rest of the body.” Other interpretations include “sacred head” and “gentle leader.”. DIED. 5. By the time the Lewis and Clark expedition reached the Ponca village in September 1804, on the lower side of Ponca Creek, about two miles from the Missouri River, the Ponca had become quite familiar with Europeans. Dissatisfied with the reservation system established after the Civil War, reformers and politicians decided to assimilate American Indians by forcing private ownership of land. Their tribal jurisdictional area includes parts of Kay and Noble counties. It is believed that it was here, prior to 1673, that the Omaha’s sacred cedar pole was cut, an important religious object, and afterward the Omaha assigned each clan and sub-clan its particular customs and duties (Dorsey, 1884, pp. In the summer of 1846, an advanced party of 400 Mormons were heading west to find a route through the Rocky Mountains after being driven from their homes in Nauvoo, Illinois earlier that year. During the war of 1812, the Ponca and the Omaha allied with the United States, while the Sauk, who held territories northeast of the Omaha, allied with the British. Also, 350 acres had been planted with corn and other vegetables (Foreman, 1946, pp. The Ponca Reservation was established by Acts of Aug. 15, 1876 (xix, 192), Mar. The Ponca tribe separated from the Omaha tribe in the early 18th century as they were migrating west from the Great Lakes region. The Ponca were divided into two hunting groups, those from the Gray Blanket village and those from the Fish Smell village. It was then that the first treaty was made between the Ponca and the U.S. to establish “perpetual peace and friendship” (Howard, 1965, p. 27). A service provided by, https://www.familysearch.org/wiki/en/index.php?title=Ponca_Indian_Reservation_(Oklahoma)&oldid=2953599, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. In 1936 the Oklahoma Indian Welfare Act paved the way for the Southern Ponca in Oklahoma … Kathleen Powell born June 27, 1948 in Ponca City, Oklahoma and passed away January 8, 2021. In the same report filed in 1880, it was recorded that among the Ponca in Oklahoma, 80 houses had been built. Buffalo Bull – head chief (also known as Little Bear. Since the “War of 1812,” the Sauk Tribe had continued to make war on the Omaha and the Ponca earthlodge villages which lay between the Sauk Territory and the buffalo herds to the west. (The 14th Amendment states that no state shall deprive anyone of life, liberty or property without due process of law.) It was in this same area that Omaha and Ponca oral history say that the Omaha, Ponca and Iowa first encountered the Marinara, who at that time occupied territory in Northeastern Nebraska. However, figures presented do not add up. Among the 18 killed was the famous Ponca Chief, Shu-de-ga-xe or “Smoke Maker” (the first of this name) (Report of P. Wilson to B. O’Fallon, 1824, National Archives, St. Louis Superintendency). Keep the Poore family in prayer during this time. She was a Ponca Elder who always showed compassion to others. In 1962, the Congress of the United States decided that the Northern Ponca Tribe should be terminated. Ponca Celebration Grand Entry 8pm Main Arena . It was not until 9 July 1877 that the party passed through Baxter Springs in Southeastern Kansas and crossed the line into the Indian Territory on the lands of the Quapaw Tribe. Picture amber fields of wheat and pastureland dotted with oil derricks pumping black gold, as well as wind turbines capturing the Oklahoma wind. 377-383) (Fletcher & Laflesche, 1911, p. 54). The Ponca chiefs refused to select any of the sites and after informing the government agent of their decision, requested to be allowed to return home to Niobrara, Nebraska. Formal relations between the Ponca and the United States did not begin however, until 1817. Prior to 1500 AD, this collective group traveled from their original home in the Southeast, down the Ohio River to its mouth (Dorsey, 1886, p. 218). Language Group . These figures total 769, which differs from Fletcher's statement, “the total population of the tribe at that time was 733.” Fletcher further states that “there were eight chiefs, each of whom had his band,” and she gives a breakdown of the population among each as follows: According to Alice Fletcher in The Omaha Tribe (Fletcher & Laflesche, 1911, p. 51) by November 1874, the total population of the Ponca was counted as 733 persons, divided into three villages along the Niobrara River. Operating as usual. By August of 1881, only 26,236 acres in Knox County, Nebraska were returned to the Ponca near Niobrara, and by 1882, there were 170 Ponca living there. They established winter camps along the Arkansas River, and they continued to practice their tribal customs. United States Indigenous Peoples of the US Oklahoma, United States Genealogy Indigenous Peoples of Oklahoma Ponca Indian Reservation (Oklahoma) The Ponca Indian Reservation was located in Oklahoma. On behalf of the Ponca Business Committee and Ponca Tribe, we extend... our condolences for the loss of a well respected veteran and elder of the Ponca Tribe. FIRST MI. When the 8 Ponca chiefs reached their homeland, they found that since the Ponca had refused to go to Indian Territory of their own free will, a government order had been issued on 12 April 1877 to force their removal. Traditionally, peoples of both tribes have spoken the Omaha-Ponca language, part of the Siouan language family. Unfortunately, this association with Europeans had caused a smallpox epidemic among the Ponca in 1800 prior to Lewis and Clark’s arrival, which significantly reduced their number (James, 1823, p. 225). Fancy Dance Casino is owned and operated by The Ponca Enterprise Gaming, LLC (PEG), a subsidiary of the Ponca Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma. My family, also, includes the late Emily No Ear Kent, and descent from Chief White Eagle and Chief Standing Bear. Casey Camp Horinek, the Ponca Tribe of Oklahoma's environmental ambassador, speaks at a Black Lives Matter protest earlier this summer in Ponca City. December 24, 2020 By Lana Van Cleave. The other is the Ponca Tribe of Nebraska. Welcome to the Ponca Tribe Archives of the state of Oklahoma! The Northern Ponca now operates under a constitution consistent with the Indian Reorganization Act of 18 June 1934. Chief Standing Bear's daughter Prairie Flower, and his wife Shines White, were among those who died along the way. Their tribal jurisdiction spans parts of Kay and Noble counties. 3, 1877 (xix, 287), May 27, 1878 (xx,??? The southern Ponca under principal chief White Eagle settled on a 101,000-acre reservation near the confluence of the Salt Fork and Arkansas rivers in the Cherokee Outlet (present Kay and Noble counties in Oklahoma). 580.763.0135; gail.kent@ponca-nsn.gov; 198 White Eagle Dr, Ponca City, Ok. 74601 The other is the Ponca Tribe of Nebraska. When Bear Shield, the eldest 12 year old son of Chief Standing Bear died in 1878, the Chief was unwilling to bury him in this strange country. However, attacks on the Omaha and Iowa villages by the Dakotas forced both the Omaha and the Iowa to leave the “bad village” site and migrate further south along the Missouri River. From this time, the Ponca have been divided into the Northern Ponca of Nebraska and the Southern Ponca of Oklahoma (Howard, 1965, p. 38). The chiefs were then forced to make the journey home in the middle of winter, without money, food or an interpreter. According to Dorsey (1884, pp. From that time, the Iowa never again built a village near the Omaha (Fletcher & Laflesche, 1911, p. 86). Storms, along with poor road and traveling conditions, greatly impeded their journey, causing a lot of suffering and deaths. Located on the North side of the settlement of White Eagle, Ponca Indian Reservation, Kay County, Oklahoma. Editor’s Note: This article is part of the multi-part series “Exiled to Indian Country” about the exile of Native Americans. 12/04/2020 . A fact that still provides modern-day Ponca with a certain level of pride. According to Alice Fletcher in The Omaha Tribe (Fletcher & Laflesche, 1911, p. 51) by November 1874, the total population of the Ponca was counted as 733 persons, divided into three villages along the Niobrara River. Established -- 15 August 1876 Agency (BIA) -- Ponca Agency Principal tribes -- Ponca Population --Contents. It is also believed that it was at this time that the Arikara showed the Omaha, Ponca, Iowa group how to build an earthlodge, and in return, the Omaha gave the Marinara permission to perform certain aspects of the Hethuska Society traditions and dances (Howard, 1965, p. 14) (Duncan, 1997, p. 33). Copyright © 2018 Ponca Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma. White Eagle – son of Iron Whip (has hereditary leadership rites). Gen. George Crook was then given orders by Secretary of the Interior Carl Schurz to arrest the run-a-ways and return them to Indian Territory. The Ponca Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma, also known as the Ponca Nation, is one of two federally recognized tribes of Ponca people.The other is the Ponca Tribe of Nebraska.Traditionally, peoples of both tribes have spoken the Omaha-Ponca language, part of the Siouan language family.. It was not until after the United States military subdued the Sauk in 1834 during the Black Hawk War, that the Ponca and the Omaha gained some relief. The agent, angry at their lack of cooperation, then left the Ponca chiefs, some of whom were advanced in years and ill. Soon, the Ponca learned the value of being the middlemen in trade between Europeans and those tribes along the Upper Missouri, and in 1795 they began the practice of stopping and raiding trading craft as they went up the Missouri River (Howard, 1965, p. 25). 20 White Eagle DrivePonca City, OK 74601(580) 762-8104Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm, List of Contact Numbers below for departments, and programs within the Ponca Tribe of Oklahoma. This termination removed 442 Ponca from the tribal rolls, dispossessing them of 834 acres in Nebraska. Ponca Tribe of Oklahoma is one of two federally recognized tribes of the Ponca people. Peter Wilson, acting on behalf of Maj. Benjamin O’Fallon, visited a group of Ponca at the mouth of the Niobrara River. 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